Computer models for studying interventions used in treating refractory pulmonary hypertension

The paper and the candidate model implement the same six-compartment, time-varying elastance circulation with diode valves, a Gorlin-based shunt, and an oxygen-transport balance. Both conclude: (i) ASD is ineffective for lowering mPAP; (ii) VSD reduces mPAP with an optimum around A0 ≈ 0.6 cm^2 and can show slight rebound for larger areas; (iii) Potts shunt lowers mPAP monotonically with most benefit by A0 ≈ 0.5 cm^2; and (iv) VSD best preserves oxygen delivery because the rise in systemic flow largely offsets desaturation. These are explicitly stated in the paper’s results and conclusions and are reproduced qualitatively by the candidate’s simulations, despite minor parameter and numerical-method differences (heart rate, resistances/compliances, VO2, discretization) that explain small quantitative discrepancies. See the paper’s model equations and numerics (hemodynamics and valves; Gorlin shunt; oxygen transport; parameterization and simulation protocol) and its findings on pressures and oxygen delivery for ASD/VSD/Potts, including the VSD optimum and Potts monotonicity with saturation by ~0.5 cm^2 and the stated results on ASD ineffectiveness, VSD optimum ≈0.6 cm^2 with slight rebound, and Potts monotone with early saturation, plus oxygen-delivery trade-offs favoring VSD .